Today we explore the connection between the ancient Near Eastern group known as the Habiru and the Biblical Hebrews. We will survey Near Eastern texts and archaeology, and delve into the relationship between the terms Habiru and Hebrew, and examine the similarities and differences between the two. Finally, we’ll see what Biblical characters behave like Habiru, even if they aren’t called that by name. Let’s dig in!

#AncientNearEast #Habiru #BiblicalHebrews #Hebrew #archaeology #bible #biblicalarchaeology #idrimi #1Samuel 

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If you'd like to read more here are just a few of the sources we used in this video:

William L. Moran, ed. trans. The Amarna Letters. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.

Daniel E. Fleming, Democracy's Ancient Ancestors: Mari and Early Collective Governance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Eva Von Dassow, Habiru, in The Encyclopedia of Ancient History.

Nadav Na'aman, "Ḫabiru and Hebrews: The Transfer of a Social Term to the
Literary Sphere," in Canaan in the Second Millennium B.C.E.: Collected Essays Volume 2. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2005:  252-274.


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00:56 Habiru defined
02:58 The apiru cycle
04:38 apiru in text and archaeology
09:50 etymology of apiru and relation to hebrew
12:09 similarities of hebrew and apiru
18:34 Jephthah the apiru?
19:52 Abimelech the apiru?
21:27 David the apiru?
24:26 Other biblical apiru...
26:43 Thanks!

Beneath the Bible Transcript on Youtube

What's the Connection Between the Habiru and the Biblical Hebrews?