- The video discusses the Trojan War, a legendary story of war, love, and heroes with supernatural powers.
- The war was between the Greeks, led by Agamemnon and Menelaus, and the Trojans, led by King Priam.
- The war was sparked by the kidnapping of Helen of Sparta by Prince Paris of Troy.
- The epic poem, the Iliad, tells the story of the war, including the involvement of heroes like Achilles and Hector.
- Achilles, fueled by anger over the death of his slave Briseida, joins the Greek side and seeks revenge against Hector.
- Hector is eventually killed by Achilles, leading to a reconciliation between Achilles and the Trojans.
- The Trojan horse, a wooden structure used by the Greeks to infiltrate Troy, is discussed in the Odyssey.
- The video mentions that there is debate among historians and archaeologists about the historical accuracy of the Trojan War and the location of Troy.

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Today we bring you 1 of the best legends told by the human being.

A story of war, love, heroes with supernatural powers and of course, also some history.

Today in Memories of Pezos we talk about the Trojan War.

What is Homero based on to write something so epic and that has transcended to our days?

Is there something real in this foundational myth?

To begin, let's remember what Omero tells in the famous Ilíada, of which the city of Troy is its main scenario.

In this epic poem, the last phase of a ten-year war is told, in which a coalition of Greek armies, commanded by the king Agamemnon of Mycenae, attacked and besieged the ancient city of Ilion, better known as Troy.

This war had 2 belligerent sides, that of the Greeks and that of the Trojans.

In the side of the Greeks, or rather of the Achaeans, apart from the king Agamemnon, was also his brother, the King Menelaus, who was king of Sparta, and he was not as stupid as they paint in the movie.

In addition, Menelaus was married to Helen of Sparta, of which it was said that she was the daughter of the very god Zeus.

There was also the legendary Achilles, the most famous hero of antiquity, who was the son of the goddess Tethys.

And this was very important, you will see why.

Along with Achilles, his friend Patroclus also fought, in addition to different classic heroes like Ulysses or Ajax.

On the other hand, on the side of the Trojans we find King Priam of Troy and his 2 sons, the eldest, Hector of Troy, and Prince Paris.

In addition, Troy also had other allies, such as the hero Eneas or the Elysian army of Sarpedon.

Well, it was none other than the kidnapping of Helena by Paris, a whole snake.

This kidnapping constitutes the Casus Velli, for which the Achaeans declare war on the Trojans, and also frames everything that happened in the Iliad.

At the beginning, the parties try to solve the conflict with a duel between the 2 men who are fighting Helena.

However, when Menelao wins the duel and is about to kill Paris, the goddess Aphrodite intervenes, who wraps the latter in a thick fog and transports him directly to the room of Helena in the Trojan Fortress.

Of course, we have gone ahead, since the work begins with the legendary hero Achilles, who is absolutely angry due to the kidnapping of his slave Briseida by Agamemnon.

This event brings an advantage for the Trojan side, since Achilles decides to withdraw his support and his armies from the Greek side.

Also, just in case, Patroclus decides to put Achilles' armor on and fight against the Trojans, With such bad luck that he has to face Hector de Troya.

The latter kills Patroclus and, obviously, Achilles does not feel very well, so he returns to the battle.

That is, it is at this moment when Achilles decides to join the Greek side to take revenge and hunt Hector.

To return to the war, Achilles needs new weapons, which are provided by the ugly and stubborn god of the blacksmith, Hephaestus.

At the request of Achilles' mother, the god builds a gigantic shield covered with wonderful reliefs.

In an attempt to reconcile with his best warrior, Agamemnon covers him with gifts and returns his beloved slave Briseida.

With this we reach the final phase, the duel between Hector and Achilles.

With the help of the gods, each of the classic heroes faces the other in a battle in which Hector finally falls through the spear of Achilles.

Before dying, Hector asks Achilles to take his body to his family.

However, Achilles, who was very angry at the death of Patroclus, decides to tie Hector's corpse to a battle chariot and makes him march around the sepulchre of Patroclus.

This offence infuriates the gods, who take sides and make the king of Troy, Priam, enter the tent in the hero's camp safely.

It is at that moment when Achilles feels compassion and forgives the Trojans, giving the corpse of Hector.

So, finally, Hector is honored for days by the Trojans, as the Greeks do the same with Patroclus.

This is the end of the Aileada, but you will ask, and the rest?

Well, at no time in the Aileada is the death of Achilles told.

What is said is that Hector prophesied his death at the hands of Paris and the god Apollo.

Now, in many other stories of the Trojan cycle of less importance, it is confirmed how Apollo guides the arrow of Paris and this impacts Achilles' heel, killing him in this way.

But why did Achilles have that weak point?

Well, the legend says that the water of the Stygian River made invulnerable any part of the body that submerged in it.

It turns out that Achilles' mother, the goddess Tethys, when bathing her son in this river, grabbed him by the heel, or a leaf was stuck to this 1, or something like that.

In this way, there was a small surface where all the vulnerability was concentrated.

Both the death of Achilles and his immortality, there are a lot of different versions, but well, this is the most accepted.

As for the Trojan horse, the first written source in which this is discussed is another great work of Homer, the Odyssey.

In the Odyssey it is told how 1 of the Greek heroes, Odysseus, or in Latin, Ulysses, returns from Troy to his home in Ithaca.

It is precisely Odysseus, 1 of those who enters a wooden structure in the shape of a horse, which was to be a gift for the Trojan incautious.

At night, and inside the walls of Troy, the Achaeans left the horse and killed the sentries to open the walls of the city.

This mythological event caused the definitive fall of Troy.

Now, how much of everything we have told is true?

Well, in Homer's times, the recovery of Greece began after a dark time of which we have no data.

If you are interested, you can go through the video of Ancient Greece that we did a few weeks ago.

When Homer places his heroic and divine myths in a time prior to the year 1200 BC, he does so to remind the new aristocracy the values ​​presented by the past itself and full of glory.

Come on, Homero was an epic poet and not a historian, and evidently he exaggerated any conflict that there was.

Being realist, it is not very clear that Homero existed as such, and it was not a group of authors, but we are not going to get into that either.

Although it is possible that the war existed, most historians consider that the historical core of the legend is very small.

Some scholars claim that there is a possibility that the events reported are not due to a single conflict, but that they were compiled and mythified several facts.

Surely this question is what would lead the German Herrick Sillemann, respected businessman and archaeologist, to move to Turkey and start an ambitious excavation with the sole purpose of finding the famous ruins of the city of Troy.

What Silliman found on the hill of Gisarlik would lead him to enter the pages of history.

And it is that Troy was not a single city, but in total 9 cities superimposed that ended up expanding to 10.

These cities extend from the Neolithic to the Byzantine Empire, going through the different eras of Ancient Greece.

In general, the sixth city, Troya VI, responds to what can be expected of a bronze age citadel in Turkey.

At the top of the plateau was the Citadel, the administrative and religious center, protected by a large stone wall, while on the southern side of the hill the city was extended down, protected by a long moat that surrounds the entire extension.

Behind the moat, a wall of adobe was raised, of which we know that at least 5 monumental doors were opened, well defended by watchtowers, such as the famous Cea gates mentioned by Homer.

These walls, found in 1988 in Troy 6 and Troy 7a, made it clear how the enclosure was much larger than expected in the first excavations, being able to house a total of 10,000 inhabitants.

All this added to the Acropolis revealed that this Troja 6 or 7a could be an important location in the Bronze Age.

Archaeology has shown that Troja 6 had a traumatic ending.

Around 1250 BC, the city was devastated by a natural disaster, probably an earthquake, but it was quickly rebuilt by the same inhabitants.

Also, centuries ago, when the level of the sea was higher, the city was on the coast of the Strait of the Dardanelles and could have been a strategic anchor for the control of maritime trade with Asia, since this location is between the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.

For these reasons, it is very likely that there would be a large city in this area.

As for the famous horse, it is likely that it is only an invention, but there is also the possibility that there has been some similar device that has been transformed by tradition.

In ancient times, the term horse referred to a war machine, the hariete, often built in the form of an animal.

In fact, the Assyrians used this type of weapon and it is very possible that the example was taken by the Greeks.

It can also be interpreted as a metaphor for an earthquake, 1 of the possible causes aimed at the destruction of the historical Troy, considering that Poseidon was the god of horses, the ocean and earthquakes.

Anyway, currently there is no consensus between historians and archaeologists that determines for sure what happened in Troy over the centuries.

We are not even sure that the excavations of the hill of Hisarlik are the true location of the Troy of Priam.

What we do know is that reality or legend, the stories of these heroes have a mystical aura that has made them reach our time.

Anger, passion and devotion, as well as the differences between the different protagonists, make the legend of Troy 1 of the main foundational myths of classical culture, the Roman world and therefore the current Western culture.

Virgil himself, when writing the Aeneid, tells how Aeneas, 1 of the Greek survivors of the Trojan War, ended up founding Rome and being the progenitor of Romulus and Remus.

For the rest, nothing, a greeting and until next time.


Speaker 0: Today we bring you 1 of the best legends told by the human being. A story of war, love, heroes with supernatural powers and of course, also some history. Today in Memories of Pezos we talk about the Trojan War. Now, is it a legend? What is Homero based on to write something so epic and that has transcended to our days?

Is there something real in this foundational myth? Well, let's go with it. To begin, let's remember what Omero tells in the famous Ilíada, of which the city of Troy is its main scenario. In this epic poem, the last phase of a ten-year war is told, in which a coalition of Greek armies, commanded by the king Agamemnon of Mycenae, attacked and besieged the ancient city of Ilion, better known as Troy. This war had 2 belligerent sides, that of the Greeks and that of the Trojans.

In the side of the Greeks, or rather of the Achaeans, apart from the king Agamemnon, was also his brother, the King Menelaus, who was king of Sparta, and he was not as stupid as they paint in the movie. In addition, Menelaus was married to Helen of Sparta, of which it was said that she was the daughter of the very god Zeus. There was also the legendary Achilles, the most famous hero of antiquity, who was the son of the goddess Tethys. And this was very important, you will see why. Along with Achilles, his friend Patroclus also fought, in addition to different classic heroes like Ulysses or Ajax.

On the other hand, on the side of the Trojans we find King Priam of Troy and his 2 sons, the eldest, Hector of Troy, and Prince Paris. In addition, Troy also had other allies, such as the hero Eneas or the Elysian army of Sarpedon. Now, what was the reason for this war? Well, it was none other than the kidnapping of Helena by Paris, a whole snake. This kidnapping constitutes the Casus Velli, for which the Achaeans declare war on the Trojans, and also frames everything that happened in the Iliad.

At the beginning, the parties try to solve the conflict with a duel between the 2 men who are fighting Helena. However, when Menelao wins the duel and is about to kill Paris, the goddess Aphrodite intervenes, who wraps the latter in a thick fog and transports him directly to the room of Helena in the Trojan Fortress. Of course, we have gone ahead, since the work begins with the legendary hero Achilles, who is absolutely angry due to the kidnapping of his slave Briseida by Agamemnon. This event brings an advantage for the Trojan side, since Achilles decides to withdraw his support and his armies from the Greek side. Also, just in case, Patroclus decides to put Achilles' armor on and fight against the Trojans, With such bad luck that he has to face Hector de Troya.

The latter kills Patroclus and, obviously, Achilles does not feel very well, so he returns to the battle. That is, it is at this moment when Achilles decides to join the Greek side to take revenge and hunt Hector. To return to the war, Achilles needs new weapons, which are provided by the ugly and stubborn god of the blacksmith, Hephaestus. At the request of Achilles' mother, the god builds a gigantic shield covered with wonderful reliefs. Then he makes the armor and the weapons.

In an attempt to reconcile with his best warrior, Agamemnon covers him with gifts and returns his beloved slave Briseida. With this we reach the final phase, the duel between Hector and Achilles. With the help of the gods, each of the classic heroes faces the other in a battle in which Hector finally falls through the spear of Achilles. Before dying, Hector asks Achilles to take his body to his family. However, Achilles, who was very angry at the death of Patroclus, decides to tie Hector's corpse to a battle chariot and makes him march around the sepulchre of Patroclus.

This offence infuriates the gods, who take sides and make the king of Troy, Priam, enter the tent in the hero's camp safely. It is at that moment when Achilles feels compassion and forgives the Trojans, giving the corpse of Hector. So, finally, Hector is honored for days by the Trojans, as the Greeks do the same with Patroclus. This is the end of the Aileada, but you will ask, and the rest? And the horse?

Does not Achilles die? Well, at no time in the Aileada is the death of Achilles told. What is said is that Hector prophesied his death at the hands of Paris and the god Apollo. Now, in many other stories of the Trojan cycle of less importance, it is confirmed how Apollo guides the arrow of Paris and this impacts Achilles' heel, killing him in this way. But why did Achilles have that weak point?

Well, the legend says that the water of the Stygian River made invulnerable any part of the body that submerged in it. It turns out that Achilles' mother, the goddess Tethys, when bathing her son in this river, grabbed him by the heel, or a leaf was stuck to this 1, or something like that. In this way, there was a small surface where all the vulnerability was concentrated. Both the death of Achilles and his immortality, there are a lot of different versions, but well, this is the most accepted. As for the Trojan horse, the first written source in which this is discussed is another great work of Homer, the Odyssey.

In the Odyssey it is told how 1 of the Greek heroes, Odysseus, or in Latin, Ulysses, returns from Troy to his home in Ithaca. It is precisely Odysseus, 1 of those who enters a wooden structure in the shape of a horse, which was to be a gift for the Trojan incautious. At night, and inside the walls of Troy, the Achaeans left the horse and killed the sentries to open the walls of the city. This mythological event caused the definitive fall of Troy. And here ends the Trojan War.

Now, how much of everything we have told is true? Well, in Homer's times, the recovery of Greece began after a dark time of which we have no data. If you are interested, you can go through the video of Ancient Greece that we did a few weeks ago. When Homer places his heroic and divine myths in a time prior to the year 1200 BC, he does so to remind the new aristocracy the values ​​presented by the past itself and full of glory. Come on, Homero was an epic poet and not a historian, and evidently he exaggerated any conflict that there was.

Being realist, it is not very clear that Homero existed as such, and it was not a group of authors, but we are not going to get into that either. Although it is possible that the war existed, most historians consider that the historical core of the legend is very small. Some scholars claim that there is a possibility that the events reported are not due to a single conflict, but that they were compiled and mythified several facts. But did the city of Troy really exist? Surely this question is what would lead the German Herrick Sillemann, respected businessman and archaeologist, to move to Turkey and start an ambitious excavation with the sole purpose of finding the famous ruins of the city of Troy.

What Silliman found on the hill of Gisarlik would lead him to enter the pages of history. And it is that Troy was not a single city, but in total 9 cities superimposed that ended up expanding to 10. These cities extend from the Neolithic to the Byzantine Empire, going through the different eras of Ancient Greece. In general, the sixth city, Troya VI, responds to what can be expected of a bronze age citadel in Turkey. It consisted of 2 fundamental parts.

At the top of the plateau was the Citadel, the administrative and religious center, protected by a large stone wall, while on the southern side of the hill the city was extended down, protected by a long moat that surrounds the entire extension. Behind the moat, a wall of adobe was raised, of which we know that at least 5 monumental doors were opened, well defended by watchtowers, such as the famous Cea gates mentioned by Homer. These walls, found in 1988 in Troy 6 and Troy 7a, made it clear how the enclosure was much larger than expected in the first excavations, being able to house a total of 10,000 inhabitants. All this added to the Acropolis revealed that this Troja 6 or 7a could be an important location in the Bronze Age. Archaeology has shown that Troja 6 had a traumatic ending.

Around 1250 BC, the city was devastated by a natural disaster, probably an earthquake, but it was quickly rebuilt by the same inhabitants. Also, centuries ago, when the level of the sea was higher, the city was on the coast of the Strait of the Dardanelles and could have been a strategic anchor for the control of maritime trade with Asia, since this location is between the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. For these reasons, it is very likely that there would be a large city in this area. As for the famous horse, it is likely that it is only an invention, but there is also the possibility that there has been some similar device that has been transformed by tradition. In ancient times, the term horse referred to a war machine, the hariete, often built in the form of an animal.

In fact, the Assyrians used this type of weapon and it is very possible that the example was taken by the Greeks. It can also be interpreted as a metaphor for an earthquake, 1 of the possible causes aimed at the destruction of the historical Troy, considering that Poseidon was the god of horses, the ocean and earthquakes. Anyway, currently there is no consensus between historians and archaeologists that determines for sure what happened in Troy over the centuries. We are not even sure that the excavations of the hill of Hisarlik are the true location of the Troy of Priam. What we do know is that reality or legend, the stories of these heroes have a mystical aura that has made them reach our time.

Anger, passion and devotion, as well as the differences between the different protagonists, make the legend of Troy 1 of the main foundational myths of classical culture, the Roman world and therefore the current Western culture. Virgil himself, when writing the Aeneid, tells how Aeneas, 1 of the Greek survivors of the Trojan War, ended up founding Rome and being the progenitor of Romulus and Remus. For the rest, nothing, a greeting and until next time.

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